Is Abortion A Bad Thing Essay - 1488 Words

Abortion, a strong word that has multiple meanings. In a room full of people when this word is mentioned it quickly brings attention to the speaker. Different opinions and different beliefs is something that will always be a problem when it comes to this topic. Although many people believe abortion is a bad thing, there will always be the other half of the people that believe abortion isn’t good, but it might be the safest way to go. In addition more than 750,000 teenagers become pregnant every year. These young girls clearly have no idea how to take care of themselves, so to think they would have to take care of a baby is insane. We believe that teenage girls who want to get an abortion have every right to without parental consent. Whether a young girl is 16 or 21 they should know what they are doing and getting themselves into the minute they get pregnant. Furthermore, abortions will continue to happen with or without parental consent, young girls deserve to do what they desire with their body. In the end whether someone convinces a young teenager to not get an abortion or to go through with it, they will not help or support them in anyway. Among the same lines, having an abortion can be the best way to go in many occasions. Although many people disagree with abortions they don’t realize the consequences that having an unwanted baby may bring. March 3, 1970, in support of abortion legal organization support, the pseudonym Jane Roy (JaneRoe) McCaw lie to himself by theShow MoreRelatedIs Abortion A Bad Thing?1357 Words   |  6 Pagestwo types of abortion: one is spontaneous abortion and the other is induced abortion. Although these two are all abortion, the meaning between them is highly different. Spontaneous abortion is the abortion because of embryo or fetus itself or the health condition of the mother. However, unlike spontaneous abortion, induced abortion is the abortion because of the human factor, and it has been a huge ethical issue in today’s society. While there are lots of debates about whether abortion is doable, inRead MoreIs Abortion A Good Thing Or A Bad Thing?878 Words   |  4 Pages Is abortion a good thing or a bad thing? Is abortion good? Is it bad? Abortion is seen different for a lot of people, because everyone has different opinions. In 1973, U.S. Supreme Court held Roe V. Wade said â€Å" protected women’s rights.† The Supreme Court later found out that Roe V. Wade was wrong. It does count that abortion is a women’s right ,but it’s also the child’s right to stay alive. In 2013, 22 states passed abortion but 70 other countries restricted abortion. More and more people areRead MoreEssay on Buddhist view on Abortion686 Words   |  3 Pages It is quite clear from a variety of sources that abortion has been severely disapproved of in the Buddhist tradition. It is also equally clear that abortion has been tolerated in Buddhist Japan and accommodated under exceptional circumstances by some modern Buddhists in the U.S. The situation is similar to that of Roman Catholicism, where abortion, though disapproved of in the strongest terms by Church authorities, is still p racticed by a large number of devoted Catholics and defended by at leastRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Topic986 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion has always been a controversial topic in the United States for decades. Abortion is like taking the life of someone without their permission so it is technically â€Å"murder†. There is no such thing as an unwanted child, millions of families in the United States are always willing to adopt. On the other hand, there are circumstances where a woman can barely care and sustain herself so chances are that she will not be able to take care of her child. Or when a rape occurs, having an abortionRead More Abortion Essays691 Words   |  3 Pageshave an abortion it’s their business and no one else’s. A woman should be able to get an abortion without having to be discriminated by people. I don’t think abortion is pretty but neither is heart surgery. I do think abortion is bad but I think it’s important that w e can all have our own choices. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I have looked at it from both sides and actually I agree with both sides. I don’t know if that’s a good or bad thing but I personally think that it’s a good thing. I’m notRead MoreAbortion is the Destruction of a Human Being Essay1010 Words   |  5 Pagesbaby? Babies are the most precious things in the world. Most people love babies I know I do, I’m having one of my own and happy to say my baby is coming to this world and me becoming a mommy. Abortion shouldn’t be allowed anywhere it’s the worst thing in the world. The important ways of looking at the issues of abortion are most categorized into five major points, legal precedence, birth control issues, human rights, religion, and when life begins. Abortions can cost around $350 to more than aRead MoreMaking a Decision about Abortion679 Words   |  3 PagesIn today’s world abortion is a big issue for woman concerning the fact that for years it had been said that abortion should not be legal, but some people believe it should. Many people feel aborting an unwanted child, or killing an unwanted child should be against the law and which I feel it should be illegal. Many people dont even know what an abortion is, or who can receive abortions. I feel a womans body is her own, and can do whatever she wants with it, but I also think that babies life shouldn’tRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Abortion1380 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of preg nancy. Abortion is one of the most common medical procedures preformed in the United States each year. More than 40% of all women will end a pregnancy by abortion at some time in their reproductive lives. Abortion, it is simply the one of the most debated issue in our society today. â€Å"Is abortion bad?† â€Å"Is the fetus a baby?† â€Å"Why is it bad to kill a fetus if it’s not living?† The simpleRead MoreAbortion Is One Of The Biggest, Controversial Issues In1701 Words   |  7 PagesAbortion is one of the biggest, controversial issues in the United States. In today’s fsociety it s almost split in half, 44% of people are pro life making 66% pro choice. With those stats, that shows us how close this world wide this issue is, and how this isn’t one outcome that is clear enough to be right. In my personal opinion I am pro choice, most of the time but sometimes I feel myself being pro life. This topic is so touchy and for a good reason. Bab ies and life, what everyone in the worldRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?923 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion is an extremely controversial topic, which brings out strong opinions on whether or not it should be illegal. â€Å"The U.S. Supreme Court legalized abortion in the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973† (emedicinehealth). Abortion is a widely discussed topic throughout the American society, some people find it to be a good thing, and others find it to be a bad thing, and lastly some people find there to be pros and cons of abortion. As Americans we have the choice of who to marry and where to live, so

China U.S Business Partner Free Essays

China and the united States. Which of the two would you prefer to do business In and why? No one will criticize stating that the U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on China U.S Business Partner or any similar topic only for you Order Now And China are the most influential countries In the current global Industry. What happens In the economic market In one of both countries directly reflect to the world economy. Even though they both have the substantial economic strength, they have nothing in common; the history, the way they have been developed, the impression that they show to the world, etc. Are all deferent. The way of becoming powerful countries are not easy to analyses with Just few theories. However. One of the important theories Is the difference in their regime which started to affect since sass. After World War II ends, the political regimes in both countries can be simple; China is socialist and the U. S. Is democratic. However, the world economy had kept changing. Now, things are different. The U. S. Has sucked to capitalism which Is reserved for democracy. On the other hand, China changed as time went by. It is arguable that communism or socialism would be automatic failure. Nevertheless, it is obvious that communism and socialism has closed or limited economic market which will demand one country the death sentence. According to Farley and Moss, the journalists of Society Science, in 1979, legislative reforms in China started the global trade within limited areas in Sheehan, Aisha, Shannon, and Examine. Now, the most markets in China are opened to visitors although there are strict policies (2009) and the current status of China is pre-modern, pre-capitalist, and feudal’ (Mining’, 2009). ‘Feudal system’ was originally created In Middle Age which refers to the political, social, and military system related to the relationship between landlord and vassal (Dictionary. Com unabridged). A Journalist, Mining comments that China Is not yet fully liberal and also In capitalism. In the society, this means ‘uncivilized. ‘ Considering all factors, China Is on the preemptively capitalist step In the concepts of Marxism which is the step to the civilized and liberal country. Acknowledged from the current China’s economic strength in the world, the I OFF Any changes in business policies in one country affect companies in numerous ways in various sizes. The changed policies can be helpful and they also can give tremendous damages to the company. Since China and the U. S have different political regime, they have many similar polices but there are more differences. It is hard to decide which country is better to start a business if one has a chance. There are many factors that affect the decision to run a business such as the type and size of company, the current markets status, the government policies and etc. The sample example can be the manufacturing company and it is better to open the company in China because of the current possible crisis status in the U. S. , governments’ taxation to the manufacture companies for high GAP, cheap labors for lots of handy Jobs, First of all, China currently has more stable economy than the U. S. Has. There was Global Financial Crisis in the U. S. Which has commonly believed to have started in July 2007. The reasons are from complex matters. One definite factor is the sub- prime crisis from housing bubble and to overcome the crisis, the U. S. Government submitted $700 billion rescue proposal (Canasta, 2009). On Septet. 29, 2008, DOD Jones Industrial Average ends up down 777 points which was worst point loss in the history (Gibson, 2008). This collapse in the U. S. Economy influenced all other countries in the world. However, China is the only country who had a positive number of GAP in the ear of 2008 (Fordham, 2009). Even though, the U. S. Incredibly overcame the crisis in short period of time, there always is a possibility for another crisis and unstable economy. China has the highest GAP increase rate for decades. The U. S. Already has high GAP and definitely has better environment to run a business. China has lower GAP than the U. S. And it is a firm theory that lower GAP country has higher GAP growth rate. GHz, a Journalist of Journal of Economic Perspective, summarized that for decades, China is the only country who has two digit industrial growth rate (2012). These easily think as there are more chances to success in business and the higher chances make the environments change. Among countries, the developing country normally seizes the initiative. At the last 620 meeting in 2010, the U. S. Had to step back and give away few from China, especially on policies of currency changes, labors, and the U. S. Diplomacy which made better environments running a business in China than the U. S (Moronic, 2010). Higher growth rate country is better to starting a business than countries with low growth rate countries. Also, China has better taxation policies than the U. S. Has. Not only cheap labors help the company higher profits and chances of success, it is the government policies that helps running a business in China. China waives taxes from double tax to double taxes under numerous conditions. The conditions are very complicated but the big pictures of the tax waive condition is that the company must exports everything that are imported which means manufactured products with components from outside of China cannot be sold in China (Sharked, 2012). Taxes are very important issues to businesses from foreign countries and these waives helps a lot who wanted to start business in China. How to cite China U.S Business Partner, Papers

Standardization of Herbal Medicines free essay sample

Herbal medicine is the most primitive traditional approach to the treatment of diseases and ailments. It is called herbal medicine because it involves the use of plants or plant parts. There is no doubt that herbal medicines provided the first basis for therapeutics before the development or advent of orthodox medicine. Despite the fact that, over the years, chemists have synthesized a large number of chemical substances, many of which have proved useful in modern therapeutics, plants still remain potential sources of useful products. Although the medicine prescribed may contain only one single active item, it is often a mixture of many components. Thousands of herbal medicines are used by peoples from every culture and various indigenous medicines are gradually being introduced into modern therapeutics. In developing countries about 80% of the people, especially the rural population, rely on traditional medical remedies for their health care needs. In developed countries, there has been a resurgence of interest in herbal medicines due, to a large extent, on the preference of many consumers for products of natural origin. In addition, manufactured herbal medicines from their countries of origin often follow in the wake of migrants from countries where traditional medicines play an important role. It is important however, to distinguish between herbal medicine supplied by a â€Å"qualified† medical practitioner as a result of a consultation and those herbal remedies (in the form of â€Å"teas†) freely available to the public for self-medication. DEFINITION: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), herbal medicines should be regarded as â€Å"finished, labelled medicinal products that contain as active ingredients aerial or underground parts of plants or other plant materials or combinations thereof, whether in the crude state or as plant preparations. Plant material includes juices, gums, fatty oils, essential oils and any other substances of this nature. Herbal medicines may contain excipients in addition to the active ingredients. In some countries, herbal medicines may also contain, by tradition, natural organic or inorganic active ingredients which are not of plant origin. Medicines containing plant materials combined with chemically defined active substances including chemically defined isolated constituents of plants are not considered to be herbal medicines†. Problems associated with herbal medicines: One of the major criticisms levelled against herbal medicines is that they are neither standardized nor are they dispensed to patients in specified doses or in strictly regulated quantities. However it is becoming increasingly clear that the standardization of herbal medicine entails much more than just specifying the amount of the medicine to be taken by the patient. It is also important that every stage of the production process should be standardized. Prior to the current availability of mass- marketed herbal medicines and dietary supplements, herbalists and patients prepared their own herbal medicines. Often the herbal ingredients were grown and obtained locally and compounded by hand into a particular formula or concocted into a simple infusion or decoction. Each product was therefore a unique formulation (because different individuals of the same plant species, grown in different soils, at different times of the year, harvested on different days and even stored in different ways, will all contain different amounts of the active medicinal substance). onsequently, doses and effects were acceptable even if variable and inconsistent. However, the pharmaceutical industry cannot function as big business if it has to tailor- make drugs for localities and small groups of people. Numerous herbal products are now grown worldwide and are distributed internationally. Although many ethical manufacturers are currently producing high quality products that are based on careful identification and assays for impurities, it is often difficult to determine which brands and products meet even basic quality standards. This is because standardization practices, if at all in place, can vary considerably between manufacturers. It is usual to find that different marketed brands may vary substantially not only in the quality and quantity of active herbal medicines but also in the absolute or relative concentrations of the chemical constituents in the different products. Laboratory analyses of different brands of herbal medicines show that: important constituents may vary by 5-, 10-, or even 40- fold. Some contain no labelled products at all. There have been reports of substitution or contamination of the declared ingredient with toxic herbs that may be dangerous; presence of environmental pollutants (pesticides, toxic metals, microorganisms etc) and adulteration with drug products. It is also reasonable to assume that, as with pharmaceutical drugs, misrepresentation in herbal preparation marketing may increase in the coming years unless vigorous efforts are made to check such unwholesome practices. Prospects: The art and science of herbal medicine has become more sophisticated. As herbal medicines become increasingly packaged and advertised to compete with pharmaceutical drugs, consumers and healthcare providers equally expect them to meet comparable quality standards. Standardization of herbal medicines: Simply put, it means the process of recommending a set of pharmacognostic , chemical, biological and pharmaceutical standards adequately controllable, which could form an official monograph or part thereof for a proposed plant drug preparation. Standards for herbal medicines, either when used as a single constituent or in combination, should include identity, quality and purity, to ensure, as far as possible, uniformity in physical properties and active constituents and provide all other information regarding the distinguishing characteristics. Since it is easier to standardize a single component than a multi-component herbal medicine, the best approach for standardization is to provide preliminary standards for all the individual plant components at crude drug level. Thereafter, those standards that are not significantly affected by the mixture technology can be applied to the standardization of the finished products. Moreover, a multi-component herbal medicine whose individual plant components have undergone standardization at crude drug level can be further standardized as a finished herbal medicine using the general mixture characteristics such as chromatographic fingerprinting in a given chromatographic system or a general colour of spectrophotometric profile. PHARMACOGNOSTIC STANDARDIZATION: Fortunately all crude botanicals can be subjected to a pharmacognostical evaluation/ examination involving authentication, freedom from impurities, simple extractive tests and general quality control before they are extracted. This done and within the limits of variations due to chemical races, ontogeny and geographical source, all preparations made from different consignements, by sound manufacturing methods, should be generally acceptable and of uniform quality. The botanical information on the crude plant material should be comprehensive enough to eliminate the risk of preparing sub-standard or adulterated drugs. The information should give full details about: Identity: A formal description should give details of botanical name, family and authentication by a qualified taxonomist; a comprehensive description of the plant/ plant part used, the date of collection, harvesting and post harvest treatment, data from field investigations, ethnobotanical studies, the most essential characteristics of the plant components including organoleptic, macroscopical and microscopical (both qualitative and quantitative) characters. It is advisable that a voucher specimen representing each lot of the plant material which has been processed should be appropriately kept and assigned a voucher number. Information on moisture content, solubility, acidity of water extract, soluble and insoluble extractive values, ash values, limit tests to determine foreign matter, impurities and microbial counts, marker compounds and results of some definite qualitative tests should also be provided. CHEMICAL STANDARDIZATION: This standardization implies that the preparation contains a designated amount or percentage of the therapeutically active component . However standardization of specific active constituents within herbal medicines, unlike that of drug products with a single chemical entity, is complex and unreliable. Herbal medicins may contain hundreds of bioactive chemicals and the contributions of individual compounds responsible for the overall therapeutic activity are usually unknown since additive and synergistic activity of the constituents may be required for effectiveness. Therefore in the case of herbal medicines, although standardization of chemical components may be used to assist batch-batch replicability, the process fails to provide reliable controls for pharmacological activity. Nonetheless, the ultimate goal is to identify and characterize the structures of the pharmacologically active constituents including absolute and relative percentage concentrations, their detection, and solubility etc. Usually a method of the identification and assay of the plant material and, if possible, quantification of the finished product should be prepared. PHARMACEUTICAL STANDARDIZATION: Galenicals must be prepared by following standard procedures such as maceration, percolation, decoction etc. There is need to standardize the amount of extract or active component in the finished product (tablet, capsule, pill etc) to ensure that each batch of the formulation complies with the composition stipulated. BIOLOGICAL/PHARMACOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION:Fortunately many of the plants used in herbal medicine contain principles whose effects can be demonstrated pharmacologically and the action of the whole plant extract can usually be related to that of the isolated constituents. However, for most herbal medicines, it is not possible to demonstrate or evaluate their pharmacological activity and the situation is compounded by the frequent use of a number of ingredients in combination whose active constituents have not been elucidated. In such instances, there is no means of assessing therapeutic activity except by the use of a biological assay whenever and wherever feasible. Extensive pharmacological studies should be carried out on all fractions to determine possible side-effects. Where there are no existing laboratory models for a particular disease, a suitable model should be developed. MICROBIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION:Herbal medicines intended for antimicrobial use should be subjected to standard antimicrobial protocols for the specified disease. For other herbal medicines, the microbial load should be determined and limits established in accordance with the broad WHO guidelines on purity. TOXICOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION:A number of cases of toxicity arising from the over-consumption of herbal remedies have been reported, the principal danger arising from the uncontrolled supply and administration of these products. It is therefore advisable to ensure that the product is non-toxic. To establish this fact, tests for chronic and acute toxicity should be carried out on laboratory animals before proceeding to tests on humans according to laid down international procedures for toxicological evaluation. The therapeutic index of the drugs should also be established. CONCLUSION:Currently there are no government regulations that assure manufacturing standards and quality control other than the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) regulations required for foods. Therefore all procedures for the manufacture and assessment of herbal medicines should comply with this protocol. The in-house operations should be controlled to eliminate errors in manufacturing and check excessive variability which may lead to the production of poor quality herbal products. There should be consistency in the manufacturing process so that variations in the content of identified marker or active constituent will be minimized. This will ensure consistentency in the quality of the herbal product from batch to batch. Physical and chemical stability of the herbal medicine in its final packaging/ container should be tested under defined storage conditions. The shelf-life should be determined. Detailed methods of preparation or manufacture for the particular preparation, including composition or concentration of active substances per unit volume or weight as well as its preservation and stability profile should be included. Consumers should recognize that no government agency currently regulates the production and quality of herbs and should exercise discretion in selecting any herbal medicinal product. Scientific professionals should learn to keep an open mind and accept that, although a substance may lack evidence of efficacy, this does not mean that it is ineffective or that it cannot be useful in any clinician-patient interaction. The herbal industry should police itself and try to eliminate fraudulent or unacceptable marketing. CHEMICAL RACES: The on-going intensive chemical investigations for substances of medicinal value or suitable precursors of therapeutic active substances from plants have revealed that, although some plants exhibit similar phenotypes, they differ in their genotypes and as such are identical in external appearance only but differ in their chemical constituents/composition. Such plants are referred to as chemical races/physiological races/chemical varieties. In a few cases the different chemical races can easily be identified by visual means eg the presence or absence of particular anthocyanin pigments in certain flowers can give rise to coloured or colourless/white forms. In most cases, however, extensive analyses as well as horticultural work over many generations are required to demonstrate conclusively and exclusively that the observed differences are truly genetic in nature and not merely due to diurnal, seasonal and/or environmental variations. The existence of chemical races has been demonstrated in the following: 1. Species of Duboisia : They contain the tropane alkaloids hyoscine, hyoscyamine,nor-hyoscyamine etc but the proportion of any one alkaloid in the total alkaloid mixture may vary greatly due to seasonal and environmental factors. On the other hand, it has been found that within a given specie, there may exist various alkaloid types eg nicotine and nor-nicotine have been reported in species of D. yoporoides and D. leichhardti. These observations have led to the conclusion that in this genus two distinct chemical races exist namely: (a) Different alkaloid-types within a specie (b) Different alkaloid-types among hybrid phenotypes. 2. Among the Dryopteris: The presence or absence of phloroglucinol derivatives has been used as the basis for distinguishing chemical variations among species of Dryopteris especially D. spinulosa. 3. Purgative drugs: Although the therapeutic activity of purgative drugs is due to the complex mixture of 1,8-dihydroxy-anthranol derivatives, their glycosides and free anthraquinones, the relative proportions of the mixture components depends not only on time of collection, age of the plant, drying conditions and geographical sources but also on genetic factors. Consequently chemical races have been found which vary for (high- and low- yielding total anthraquinones) and others (in their rhein/chrysophanol ratio). 4. From polymorphous Strophanthus sarmentosus four chemical variations have been identified namely sarmentogenin-, sarmutogenin-, sarverogenin- and low- glycoside producing forms 5. As early as 1830, the release or otherwise of hydrocyanic (prussic) acid by cyanogenetic/cyanophoric glycosides on hydrolysis has been used to separate the sub-families of the Rosaceae. At the species level it could denote varieties or different chemical races of the same species eg Prunus amygdalinus yields both bitter (var. amara) and sweet (var. dulcis) almonds. In conclusion, chemical races can occur in plants either naturally or be brought about by plant breeding techniques. However obtained, they can be used for various purposes 1. Improve the therapeutic value of a drug (either by adjustment of the individual constituents or by increasing the overall yield). 2. Serve as tools in the elucidation of the later stages of the biosynthetic process. 3. Help in chemotaxonomic studies to determine the exact positions taxa should occupy with respect to the taxonomic hierarchy already established by morphological characters.